Chapter 8 Section 1 Formation of Solutions Reading Guide

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Transcript of Chapter 8: Solutions, Acids, and Chapter 8: Solutions, Acids, and Bases Section 8.1: Formation of...

Chapter 8: Solutions, Acids, and Bases Section 8.1: Formation of Solutions I. Dissolving Group #_____

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A. Dissociation of Ionic Compounds Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Dispersion of Molecular Compounds Group #_____ Main Idea:

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C. Ionization of Molecular Compounds Group #_____ Main Idea:

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II. Properties of Liquid Solutions Group #_____

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A. Conductivity Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Freezing Point and Boiling Point Group #_____ Main Idea:

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III. Heat of Solution Group #______

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IV. Factors Affecting Rates of Dissolving

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Section 8.2: Solubility and Concentration I. Solubility Group #_____

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A. Saturated Solutions Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Unsaturated Solutions Group #_____ Main Idea:

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C. Supersaturated Solutions Group #_____ Main Idea:
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II. Factors Affecting Solubility Group #_____

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A. Polar and Nonpolar Solvents Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Temperature Group #_____ Main Idea:

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C. Pressure Group #_____ Main Idea:

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III. Concentration of Solutions Group #_____

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A. Percent by Volume Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Percent by Mass Group #_____ Main Idea:

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C. Molarity Group #_____ Main Idea:

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Section 8.3: Properties of Acids and Bases I. Identifying Acids Group #_____

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A. Sour Taste Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Reactivity with Metals Group #_____ Main Idea:

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C. Color Changes in Indicators Group #_____ Main Idea:

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II. Identifying Bases Group #_____

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A. Bitter Taste Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Slippery Feel Group #_____ Main Idea:

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C. Color Changes in Indicators Group #_____ Main Idea:

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III. Neutralization and Salts Group #_____

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IV. Proton Donors and Acceptors Group #______

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Section 8.4: Strength of Acids and Bases I. The pH Scale Group #_____

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II. Strong Acids and Bases Group #_____

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A. Strong Acids Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Strong Bases Group #_____ Main Idea:

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III. Weak Acids and Bases Group #_____

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A. Weak Acids Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Weak Bases Group #_____ Main Idea:

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C. Buffers Group #_____ Main Idea:

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IV. Electrolytes Group #______

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Chapter 9:Carbon Chemistry Section 9.1: Carbon Compounds I. Forms of Carbon Group #_____

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A. Diamond Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Graphite Group #_____ Main Idea:

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C. Fullerenes Group #_____ Main Idea:

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II. Saturated Hydrocarbons Group #_____

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A. Straight Chains Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Branched Chains Group #_____ Main Idea:

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C. Rings Group #_____

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III. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Group #______

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A. Alkenes Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Alkynes Group #_____ Main Idea:

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C. Aromatic Hydrocarbons Group #_____

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IV. Fossil Fuels Group #______

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A. Coal Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Natural Gas Group #_____ Main Idea:

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C. Petroleum Group #_____

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V. Combustion of Fossil Fuels Group #______

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A. Incomplete Combustion Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Acid Rain Group #_____

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Section 9.2: Substituted Hydrocarbons I. Alcohols Group #_____

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II. Organic Acids and Bases Group #_____

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III. Esters Group #_____

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Section 9.3: Polymers I. Synthetic Polymers Group #_____

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A. Rubber Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Nylon Group #_____ Main Idea:
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C. Polyethylene Group #_____ Main Idea:

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II. Natural Polymers Group #_____

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A. Starches Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Cellulose Group #_____ Main Idea:

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C. Nucleic Acids Group #_____ Main Idea:

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D.Proteins Group #_____

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Section 9.4: Reactions in Cells I. Photosynthesis Group #_____

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II. Cellular Respiration Group #_____

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III. Enzymes and Vitamins Group #______

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A. Enzymes Group #_____ Main Idea:

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B. Vitamins Group #_____ Main Idea:

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Name ___________________________ Class ___________________ Date _____________

Chapter 8 Solutions, Acids, and Bases

Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook ■ Chapter 8 89

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Section 8.1 Formation of Solutions (pages 228–234) This section explains the parts of a solution, the processes that occur when compounds dissolve, and how the properties of a solution compare with those of its solvent and solute.

Reading Strategy (page 228) Comparing and Contrasting Contrast dissociation and ionization by listing the ways they differ in the Venn diagram below. For more information on this reading strategy, see the Reading and Study Skills in the Skills and Reference Handbook at the end of your textbook.

Dissociation Ionization

Dissolving (page 229) 1. Define a solution.

2. Circle the letter that identifies a substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution. a. solvent b. solute c. solid d. ion

3. Circle the letter that identifies the solvent in air. a. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. nitrogen d. argon

4. The process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves is called .

5. The process in which particles dissolve by breaking apart and scattering is called .

6. A(n) is transferred from each HCl molecule to a water molecule when hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in water.

7. Is the following sentence true or false? Dissolving by ionization is a physical change.

Can produce ions

in solution